Johannes Gutenberg Born Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg c. 1400, Died February 3, 1468 (aged 70), Occupation,, and Known for The invention of the movable-type Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (; c. 1400 – February 3, 1468) was a,,, and who introduced to Europe with the printing press. His introduction of mechanical printing to Europe started the and is regarded as a milestone of the second millennium, ushering in the of human history. It played a key role in the development of the,, the, and the and laid the material basis for the modern and the.

Gutenberg in 1439 was the first European to use movable type. Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based for printing books; adjustable molds; mechanical movable type; and the use of a wooden similar to the agricultural of the period. His truly epochal invention was the combination of these elements into a practical system that allowed the mass production of printed books and was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Gutenberg's method for making type is traditionally considered to have included a alloy and a for casting type.

The alloy was a mixture of lead, tin, and that melted at a relatively low temperature for faster and more economical casting, cast well, and created a durable type. In Europe, the arrival of mechanical movable type printing introduced the era of which permanently altered the structure of society. The relatively unrestricted circulation of information—including revolutionary ideas—transcended borders, captured the masses in the and threatened the power of political and religious authorities; the sharp increase in broke the monopoly of the literate elite on education and learning and bolstered the emerging. Across Europe, the increasing cultural self-awareness of its people led to the rise of proto-, accelerated by the flowering of the European to the detriment of 's status as. Free Printkey 2000 Windows 7. In the 19th century, the replacement of the hand-operated Gutenberg-style press by allowed printing on an scale, while Western-style printing was adopted all over the world, becoming practically the sole medium for modern bulk printing. The use of movable type was a marked improvement on the handwritten manuscript, which was the existing method of book production in Europe, and upon, and revolutionized European book-making. Gutenberg's rapidly throughout Europe and later the world.

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His major work, the (also known as the 42-line Bible), has been acclaimed for its high aesthetic and technical quality. Main articles: and Around 1439, Gutenberg was involved in a financial misadventure making polished metal mirrors (which were believed to capture holy light from religious relics) for sale to pilgrims to: in 1439 the city was planning to exhibit its collection of relics from but the event was delayed by one year due to a severe flood and the capital already spent could not be repaid. When the question of satisfying the investors came up, Gutenberg is said to have promised to share a 'secret'. It has been widely speculated that this secret may have been the idea of printing with.