The Android operating system is published in different versions. The following table gives an overview of the available versions. Android versions Code name Version API level Oreo 8.0 26 Nougat 7.0 – 7.1.1 24 -25 Marshmallow 6.0 23 Lollipop 5.1 22 Lollipop 5.0 21 KitKat 4.4 - 4.4.4 19 Jelly Bean 4.1.x - 4.3.x 16 - 18 Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0.1 - 4.0.4 14 - 15 Honeycomb 3.2.x 13 Honeycomb 3.0 - 3.1 11 - 12 Gingerbread 2.3 - 2.3.7 9-10 Froyo 2.2.x 8 Eclair 2.1 7 Eclair 2.0 - 2.0.1 5 -6 Donut 1.6 4 Cupcake 1.5 3 (no code name) 1.1 2 (no code name) 1.0 1. An Android application (app) is a single installable unit which can be started and used independently. An Android application consists of configuration files, Java source and resource files.

You can define the following components in your configuration files: Table 2. Android application components Component Description Application An Android application can have one Application class which is instantiated before any other Android component.

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It is the last component which is stopped during application shutdown. If not explicitly defined, Android creates a default application object for your application. Activity An activity is the visual representation of an Android application.

An Android application can have several activities. Activities use views and fragments to create their user interface and to interact with the user. Service A service performs tasks without providing an user interface. They can communicate with other Android components and send notifications to the user. Beginnings Gentle Motion Swing 5 Speeds Manual Transfer.

For example, a broadcast receiver can notify the user via the notification framework in Android. Broadcast receiver (short: receiver) A receiver can be registered to listen to system messages and intents. A receiver gets notified by the Android system if the specified event occurs. For example, you can register a receiver for the event that the Android system finished the boot process. Or you can register for the event that the state of the phone changes, e.g., someone is calling.

Content provider (short: provider) A provider defines a structured interface to application data. A provider can be used for accessing data within one application, but can also be used to share data with other applications. Android contains an SQLite database which is frequently used in conjunction with a content provider. The SQLite database would store the data, which would be accessed via the provider. The following table gives an overview of the supported resources and their standard folder prefixes. Resources Resource Folder Description Drawables /res/drawables Images (e.g., png or jpeg files)or vector drawables or XML files which scale automatically with the density of the Android device Simple Values /res/values Used to define strings, colors, dimensions, styles and static arrays of strings or integers via XML files. By convention each type is stored in a separate file, e.g., strings are defined in the res/values/strings.xml file.

Layouts /res/layout XML files with layout descriptions are used to define the user interface for activities and fragments. Styles and themes /res/values Files which define the appearance of your Android application.

Animations /res/animator Defines animations in XML for the animation API which allows to animate arbitrary properties of objects over time. Raw data /res/raw Arbitrary files saved in their raw form.